See ferrum on Wiktionary
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.\nOld Latin *fersom\nLatin ferrumlbor.\nEnglish ferrum\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*fersom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ferrum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ferrum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ferrum\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin ferrum.",
"name": "ety"
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],
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"lit": "",
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{
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{
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"word": "ferrāmentārius"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferrāria"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferrārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferrātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferreus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferrūgināns"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferrūgineus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferrūmen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 21 0 0",
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"orig": "la:Iron",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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"id": "en-ferrum-la-noun-BOnA24fn",
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"name": "Latin metonyms",
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{
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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5,
10
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"text": "Urbi ferrō flammāque minitātus est.",
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"translation": "To fall on his sword.",
"type": "example"
},
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"english": "I, as consul, see these [men], and I ask their opinion about the republic, and those whom it was proper to slaughter with the sword, I don’t yet wound them even with a word!\n(Ablative of means; exemplifies synecdoche: a part, “iron,” refers to a whole, “sword.”)",
"ref": "63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.9",
"text": "Hōs ego videō cōnsul et dē rē pūblicā sententiam rogō, et quōs ferrō trucīdārī oportēbat, eōs nōndum vōce volnerō!",
"translation": "I, as consul, see these [men], and I ask their opinion about the republic, and those whom it was proper to slaughter with the sword, I don’t yet wound them even with a word!\n(Ablative of means; exemplifies synecdoche: a part, “iron,” refers to a whole, “sword.”)",
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"ref": "c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 45.6",
"text": "Non est miscix. ferrum optimum daturus est, sine fuga, carnarium in medio, ut amphitheater videat.",
"translation": "He is no flibbertigibbet, he will give the best fight, without flight, a carnage in the middle, so that the whole amphitheater will see it.",
"type": "quotation"
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"english": "But those sentenced to fight in the arena or with the beasts or to work in the mines lose freedom and their assets are forfeited: hence one sees that the efficacy of their last will must be denied.",
"text": "c. 161, Dig. XXVIII.I.8.4 Gaius libro septimo decimo ad edictum provinciale\nHi vero, qui ad ferrum aut ad bestias aut in metallum damnantur, libertatem perdunt bonaque eorum publicantur: unde apparet amittere eos testamenti factionem.",
"translation": "But those sentenced to fight in the arena or with the beasts or to work in the mines lose freedom and their assets are forfeited: hence one sees that the efficacy of their last will must be denied.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Latin *fersom, borrowed from substrate language, of an unknown source.\nAccording to De Vaan, possibly from a Phoenician dialect; see 𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋 (brzl /barzel/, “iron”), akin to Hebrew בַּרְזֶל (barzél), Aramaic פַּרְזְלָא, ܦܪܙܠܐ (parzəlā, “iron”), Akkadian 𒀭𒁇 (parzillum, “iron”), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎗𐎏𐎍 (brḏl, “iron”), considered of Anatolian origin. The word could have entered Latin through Etruscan.\nCompare typologically ornus (“rowan tree; lance”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferrī",
"links": [
[
"ferrī",
"ferri"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrī",
"links": [
[
"ferrī",
"ferri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrōrum",
"links": [
[
"ferrōrum",
"ferrorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrō",
"links": [
[
"ferrō",
"ferro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrīs",
"links": [
[
"ferrīs",
"ferris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrō",
"links": [
[
"ferrō",
"ferro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrīs",
"links": [
[
"ferrīs",
"ferris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "ferrum n (genitive ferrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ferrāmentārius"
},
{
"word": "ferrāmentum"
},
{
"word": "ferrāria"
},
{
"word": "ferrārius"
},
{
"word": "ferrātus"
},
{
"word": "ferreus"
},
{
"word": "ferrūgināns"
},
{
"word": "ferrūgineus"
},
{
"word": "ferrūmen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"iron"
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"any tool made of iron"
],
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) any tool made of iron"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chalybs"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"metonymically",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"english": "He threatened the city with fire and sword.",
"text": "Urbi ferrō flammāque minitātus est.",
"translation": "He threatened the city with fire and sword.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "To fall on his sword.",
"text": "Ferro incumbere.",
"translation": "To fall on his sword.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I, as consul, see these [men], and I ask their opinion about the republic, and those whom it was proper to slaughter with the sword, I don’t yet wound them even with a word!\n(Ablative of means; exemplifies synecdoche: a part, “iron,” refers to a whole, “sword.”)",
"ref": "63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.9",
"text": "Hōs ego videō cōnsul et dē rē pūblicā sententiam rogō, et quōs ferrō trucīdārī oportēbat, eōs nōndum vōce volnerō!",
"translation": "I, as consul, see these [men], and I ask their opinion about the republic, and those whom it was proper to slaughter with the sword, I don’t yet wound them even with a word!\n(Ablative of means; exemplifies synecdoche: a part, “iron,” refers to a whole, “sword.”)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sword"
],
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He is no flibbertigibbet, he will give the best fight, without flight, a carnage in the middle, so that the whole amphitheater will see it.",
"ref": "c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 45.6",
"text": "Non est miscix. ferrum optimum daturus est, sine fuga, carnarium in medio, ut amphitheater videat.",
"translation": "He is no flibbertigibbet, he will give the best fight, without flight, a carnage in the middle, so that the whole amphitheater will see it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "But those sentenced to fight in the arena or with the beasts or to work in the mines lose freedom and their assets are forfeited: hence one sees that the efficacy of their last will must be denied.",
"text": "c. 161, Dig. XXVIII.I.8.4 Gaius libro septimo decimo ad edictum provinciale\nHi vero, qui ad ferrum aut ad bestias aut in metallum damnantur, libertatem perdunt bonaque eorum publicantur: unde apparet amittere eos testamenti factionem.",
"translation": "But those sentenced to fight in the arena or with the beasts or to work in the mines lose freedom and their assets are forfeited: hence one sees that the efficacy of their last will must be denied.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fight, clash"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"clash",
"clash"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pugna"
},
{
"word": "gladius"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛr.rũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛr.rum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:"
],
"word": "ferrum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ferrum meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.